6.1. The Third Noble Truth: NIRODHA:
6.1.1. The meaning of nirodha: Liberation/freedom from suffering, from the continuity of dukkha.
6.1.2. The way of eliminating dukkha: to eliminate the main root of dukkha
—"thirst" (tanha).6.1.3. Nirvana: Extinction of the "Thirst"
6.1.3.1. What is Nirvana?
Answer:
It can never be answered completely and satisfactorily in words.
The limitation of our language: we can only express the things and ideas experienced by our sense organs and mind, not the Absolute Truth or Ultimate Reality.
Words are merely symbols representing things and ideas.
6.1.3.2. It is incorrect to say that Nirvana is negative or positive.
Argument:
-The idea of negative and positive are relative.
has a negative side: freedom is always a liberation from something, which is obstructive.-The principle of relativity only factions in the realm of duality not Nirvana.
-Even "freedom"
-Nirvana, or the Absolute Freedom is freedom from all evil, ignorance, all terms of duality, relativity, time and space.
Therefore, no words or terms can be used to express Nirvana. It can be got through enlightenment only.
6.1.3.3. The Absolute Truth is that there is nothing absolute in the world.
6.1.3.4. It is incorrect to think that Nirvana is the natural result of the extinction of craving.
Explanation:
-Nirvana is neither cause nor effect.
-There is a path leading to the realization of Nirvana. But Nirvana is not the result of this path.
-To believe that one can "Enter into Nirvana" after death is incorrect.
-What is compared to a flame or a fire gone out is not Nirvana but the "being" composed of the Five Aggregates who realized Nirvana.
6.1.3.5. Who will realize Nirvana if there is no Self?
Answer:
All the Four Noble Truths are found within ourselves.
Nirvana can be realized in this very life; it is not necessary to wait till you die to "attain" it.
One who has realized Nirvana is the happiest being in the world lives fully in the present with no thought of self.
The different sense of "happiness." (not the happiness of sensations)
6.1.3.6. Nirvana is beyond logic and reasoning.
6.2. The Fourth Noble Truth: Magga:
6.2.1. The meaning of Magga: the Way leading to the Cessation of Dukkha.
6.2.2. The
“Middle Path”: It avoids two extremes: 1) searching for happiness through the pleasures of the senses; 2) searching for happiness through self-mortification.6.2.3. The Middle Path leads to Calm, Enlightenment, and Nirvana. (De Bary, p. 33)
6.2.4. The Noble Eightfold Path:
1. Right Understanding,
2. Right Thought,
3. Right Speech,
4. Right Action,
5. Right Livelihood,
6. Right Effort,
7. Right Mindfulness (De Bary, p. 25),
8. Right Concentrations.
6.2.5. Eight Noble Path are developed simultaneously.
6.2.6. The three essentials of Buddhist training and discipline:
6.2.6.1. Ethics conduct (Sila):
Universal love and compassion for all living beings:
Two qualities for a perfect being: Compassion and Wisdom:
Including: Right Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood:
"Noble Silence"
6.2.6.2. Mental discipline (Samadhi):
Including: Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration:
Practice of concentration on breathing:
6.2.6.3. Wisdom (Panna):
Including: Right thought and Right Understanding: