Ch. 3: Cicero, Ch. 4: Epictetus, Ch. 5: Clement
1. Explain Cicero’s Four Personae Theory, including examples where appropriate.
2. How does Cicero contrast the nature of beasts and the nature of man?  Which path of life does he urge us to follow?
3. Explain Cicero’s analysis of the exemplars Marcus Cato, Ulysses, and Ajax.
4. Explain Epictetus’ conception of prosōpon.  What does the term mean?  How can it guide one’s actions?
5. What two factors does Epictetus think judgments of what is rational and irrational flow from?
6. What is Epictetus’ example of holding a chamber-pot meant to show?
7. Describe the story of Agrippinus and Florus.  Explain Epictetus’ interpretation of it.
8. How does Epictetus say he would respond to being told to shave off his beard?  Explain the significance of this.
9. What does Epictetus use the examples of dramatic actors to show?
10. What does Clement of Alexandria describe the Savior, the Son, as doing?

Ch. 6: Boethius, Contra Eutychen
1. Present Boethius’ diagram (taxonomy) of the classes and subclasses of substances.  Give examples of the members of the lowest subclasses.
2. State Boethius’ definition of ‘Person.’
3. Present Boethius’ argument for his definition of ‘Person.’
4. Present Boethius’ argument for the nature of the Divine Trinity.
5. Present Nestorius’ argument that Christ is two persons.
6. Present Boethius’ counterargument to Nestorius’ argument that Christ is two persons.

Ch. 23: Broad, “The Validity of Belief in a Personal God”
1. How does Broad define ‘a personal God’?
2. Explain Broad's account of an ideal person.
3. Identify each of the FOUR necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for a SUBSTANCE to be a PERSON.
4. Does Broad think it is logically possible to be a mind without immediately (rather than inferentially) knowing oneself to be a mind?
5. Does Broad think there are different degrees of personality?  Explain.
6. What does Broad say about “the rudiments of personality” and intelligent domestic animals?
7. Explain Broad’s account of love: X loves Y if and only if....

Ch. 35: Legenhausen, “Is God a Person?”
1. Present the main arguments for the claim that God is a person.
2. Briefly discuss criticisms of the arguments in (1.)
3. Present the main arguments against the claim that God is a person.
4. Briefly discuss criticisms of the arguments in (3.)
5. In the Muslim conception of God, what image has been used to portray God’s immanence?
6. What does Legenhausen say about Cartesian dualism and the mind-body problem?
7. Present the physicalist’s argument for atheism.  How might the theist respond to it?

Ch. 28: Smullyan, “Is God a Taoist?”
1. State the five possible relationships between God and the Mortal.
2. Explain God’s conception of a person and the personal.  What gives rise to this conception?
3. Explain God’s view of free will and rational beings.
4. Explain what God is as presented in this dialogue.
5. Explain the nature of sin and evil as presented in this dialogue.
6. What beliefs constitute the Mortal’s “ethical morbidity”?  How does God try to dispel it?
7. What is the Devil, according to God?
8. What does God say about trees and other aspects of nature?
9. Explain God’s conception of moral duty, right, and wrong.

Ch. 30: French, “The Corporation as a Moral Person”
1. Explain the logical relationships among metaphysical, moral, legal, and biological persons, according to French.
2. Explain French’s definition of a moral person.
3. Explain why a mob is not a metaphysical person, according to French.
4. Explain French’s argument for the claim that corporations are moral persons.  What person-making features do corporations have, according to French?
5. How do the goals and purposes of corporations compare to those of human beings?
6. Explain French’s analysis of intention.
7. Explain French’s account of responsibility ascriptions.

Ch. 39: Hanfling, “Machines as Persons?” and Blade Runner
1. What problem does Hanfling see in asking whether machines could think or be persons?
2. What problem does Hanfling see in asking whether robots could be people?
3. What makes the difference between a person and a nonperson, according to Hanfling?
4. Explain what “artifactism” is, according to Hanfling.
5. Present Hanfling’s Wittgensteinian Argument against Artifactism.
6. Are Nexus 6 Replicants artificial-persons?  Defend your view in an essay.
7. If Nexus 6 Replicants are NOT a-persons, is Deckard morally justified in “retiring” them?  Explain your judgment.
8. If Nexus 6 Replicants ARE persons, is Deckard morally justified in “retiring” them?  Explain your judgment.
9. Rachael (the Nexus 6 Replicant portrayed by Sean Young) seems to engage the sympathy and respect of Deckard.  If so, then is Deckard right to consider Rachael an a-person?
10. Why does Roy (the N6 Replicant portrayed by Rutger Hauer) save Deckard’s life?  Is Roy’s act merciful?  If so, is this a good reason to consider Roy to be a person?
11. Are Leon, Pris, and Roy friends?  Is friendship only possible among persons?  Defend your views in an essay.
12. Evaluate Tyrell and Roy on moral grounds.  Who is more admirable and who is more despicable?  Explain your judgment.

Ch. 34: Midgley, “Persons and Non-Persons”
1. Explain Midgley’s criticism of Judge Doi’s ruling in the Le Vasseur case.
2. What three things does Midgley cite as examples of nonhuman persons?
3. What is the word ‘person’ in origin mean?
4. State the definition of ‘person’ that Midgley quotes from the Oxford Dictionary.
5. What examples of human non-persons does Midgley cite?
6. What question does Midgley think the question ‘Who is a person?’ not like?  What question is it much more like?
7. How is C. S. Lewis’ word hnau used in the novel Midgley mentions?
8. Explain Midgley’s criticism of Kant's view on cruelty to animals.
9. What does Midgley think makes creatures our fellow beings, entitled to basic consideration?
10. What does Midgley say about articulate apes and the Government?
11. What three powers are relevant to higher moral consideration nearer that due to humans?
12. Explain Midgley’s position on the moral claims of intelligent computers.

Rendell & Whitehead, “Culture in Whales and Dolphins”
1. Briefly describe several examples of culture in cetaceans.

Herman, “Exploring the Cognitive World of the Bottlenosed Dolphin”
1. Briefly describe an example of dolphins’ ability to process semantic and syntactic information.
2. Briefly describe an example of a dolphin’s ability to understand symbolic references.
3. Briefly describe an example of a dolphin discriminating between a televised image and the real world.
4. What does Herman conceive of intelligence?  Why does Herman think dolphins are intelligent?

Ch. 42: Boyd Group “The moral status of non-human primates: Are apes persons?” and #21 Gomez, “Are Apes Persons? The Case for Primate Intersubjectivity”
1. Historically, how have children, women, slaves, and members of other ethnic groups been conceived relative to adult, land-owning Euro-American men?
2. What is said about the view that all and only members of the species Homo sapiens are persons?
3. Compare and contrast Dennett’s views of persons, intentionality, and linguistic capacity with those of Gómez.
4. Present Gómez’ argument [reconstructed in 5-steps in class] for the position that apes are persons.
5. Contrast Gaita’s view of animals and friendship with that of Smuts.  Why does Smuts think Safi is a person?

Ch. 36: Rorty, “Persons and Personae”
1. What does Rorty say a society’s conception of agency is closely linked to?
2. What is the “philosophical dream” Rorty describes?
3. Identify Rorty’s seven distinct but sometimes overlapping concepts of what a person is.  Cite examples of the members and contrast class of each of those seven concepts and, where appropriate, their sub-concepts.
4. Describe the two possible conclusions Rorty draws from her explication of the seven concepts.
5. What does Rorty think hangs on the choice between these two conclusions (in 4)?
6. What kind of appeals are the appeals to the various conceptions of the person?  Hint: a single adjective.